Brazilian presidential candidate among those killed in plane crash

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h1 style="border: 0px; margin: 15px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"> <img alt="Watch this video" height="360" src="http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/dam/assets/140813174418-eduardo-campos-file-story-top.jpg" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="640" /></h1> <div class="cnn_strycntntlft" style="border: 0px; clear: both; display: inline; float: left; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 640px;"> <div class="cnnStryVidCont" style="border: 0px; float: left; margin: 0px 0px 20px; min-height: 384px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 640px;"> <div id="cnnCVP1" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div class="cnnvideo_wrapper" id="cnnCVP1-videowrapper" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><a class="cnnvideo_clicklink" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/13/world/americas/brazil-plane-crash/index.html?hpt=ila_c1#" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Click to watch this video"><div class="cnnvideo_playcontainer cnnvideo_click_standard" style="background-image: url(http://i.cdn.turner.com/cnn/.e/img/3.0/video/ClickToPlay.Default.640x360.png); background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-style: inherit; height: 60px; left: 220px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 138px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 201px;"> </div> </a></span></div> <div class="videoHeadline" style="border: 0px; bottom: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: baseline; width: 640px;"> <h1 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br /></span></span></h1> <h1 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br /></span></span></h1> <h1 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br /></span></span></h1> <h1 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br /></span></span></h1> <h1 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br /></span></span></h1> <h1 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br /></span></span></h1> <h1 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">                                                                                                                                                          </span></span></h1> <h1 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br /></span></span></h1> <h1 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br /></span></span></h1> <h1 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br /></span></span></h1> <h1 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br /></span></span></h1> <h1 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 600px;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Report: Plane crash kills candidate</span></span></h1> </div> </div> </div> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><a href="" name="em0" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a></span><div class="cnn_strylftcntnt" style="border: 0px; clear: left; float: left; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div class="cnn_strylctcntr" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 166px;"> <div style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <strong style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">STORY HIGHLIGHTS</strong></div> <ul class="cnn_bulletbin cnnStryHghLght" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 9px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <li style="background-image: url(http://i.cdn.turner.com/cnn/.e/img/3.0/global/red_bull.gif); background-position: 0px 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 9px 7px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Brazilian presidential candidate Eduardo Campos dies in a plane crash</span></li> <li style="background-image: url(http://i.cdn.turner.com/cnn/.e/img/3.0/global/red_bull.gif); background-position: 0px 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 9px 7px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">The Cessna crashed as it tried to land in Sao Paulo state</span></li> <li style="background-image: url(http://i.cdn.turner.com/cnn/.e/img/3.0/global/red_bull.gif); background-position: 0px 5px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 9px 7px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Campos was most recently governor of Pernambuco state</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="cnn_strylftcntnt adtag15090" style="border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; clear: left; float: left; margin: 0px 0px 20px 10px; padding: 10px 0px 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"> </div> <div style="border: 0px; padding: 0px 24px 19px 186px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(CNN)</strong> -- Brazilian presidential candidate Eduardo Campos was among those killed Wednesday morning in the crash of a small plane in Santos, Brazil, the country's state news outlet Agencia Brasil reported.</span></div> <div class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph2" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px 24px 19px 186px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">The exact number of people killed in the crash wasn't immediately known, but there were no survivors, Agencia Brasil reported, citing officials from Campos' Brazilian Socialist Party.</span></div> <div class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph3" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px 24px 19px 186px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Campos, 49, was most recently the governor of Pernambuco state, and was a federal lawmaker from 1998 to 2003.</span></div> <div class="cnn_strylftcntnt" style="border: 0px; clear: left; float: left; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div class="cnn_strylctcntr cnn_strylccimg300" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 22px 20px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 300px;"> <div class="cnn_strylccimg300cntr" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; height: 169px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; width: 300px;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><img alt="Eduardo Campos, presidential candidate and former governor of the state of Pernambuco, sits for a photograph after an interview in Sao Paulo, Brazil, on Thursday, April, 17, 2014." border="0" class="box-image" height="169" src="http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/dam/assets/140813123650-eduardo-campos-restricted-story-body.jpg" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="300" /></span></div> <div style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Eduardo Campos, presidential candidate and former governor of the state of Pernambuco, sits for a photograph after an interview in Sao Paulo, Brazil, on Thursday, April, 17, 2014.</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph4" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px 24px 19px 186px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">The political figure, who was running in his first presidential election, was among the serious contenders, steady in third place in the polls at about 8%, according to pollster Datafolha. The two leading candidates are incumbent President Dilma Rousseff and center-right candidate Aecio Neves.</span></div> <div class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph5" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px 24px 19px 186px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Eight other candidates are polling at 3% or lower.</span></div> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><a href="" name="em2" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></a></span><div class="cnn_strylftcntnt cnn_strylftcexpbxnv" id="expand16" style="border: 0px; clear: left; float: left; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 27px 0px 10px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div class="cnnStoryElementBox" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div class="cnnArticlePhotoContainer" id="photoContainer162" style="border: 0px; cursor: pointer; font-style: inherit; height: 146px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 214px;"> <div class="cnnStoryElementBox" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><img alt="Map: Brazil plane crash" border="0" class="box-image" height="122" src="http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/dam/assets/140813175200-brazil-santos-map-story-top.jpg" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="214" /></span><cite class="expCaption" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat repeat; bottom: 0px; height: 20px; left: 10px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.85; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 214px;"><span style="border: 0px; float: left; font-style: normal; left: 4px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: 2px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Map: Brazil plane crash</span></span></cite></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph6" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px 24px 19px 186px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">The plane was a Cessna 560XL that had departed from Santos Dumont airport in Rio de Janeiro en route to Guaraja airport in Sao Paulo state, Agencia Brasil reported.</span></div> <div class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph7" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px 24px 19px 186px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">The plane's maintenance and inspection records were up to date, the state outlet reported.</span></div> <div class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph8" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px 24px 19px 186px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">As the plane prepared to land it swerved because of bad weather, and immediately the air traffic control tower lost contact with the plane, Agencia Brasil reported.</span></div> <div class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph9" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px 24px 19px 186px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">One witness, a pilot trainee, told CNN he heard a loud noise and saw the plane flying really low.</span></div> <div class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph10" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px 24px 19px 186px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">It was pitched down at 70 degrees, and "hit the ground like a rock," Matheus Giovannini said, adding that it appeared to have hit a house, too.</span></div> <div class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph11" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px 24px 19px 186px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Campos was married, and had five children.</span></div> <div class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph11" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px 24px 19px 186px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br /></span></div> <div class="cnn_storypgraphtxt cnn_storypgraph11" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px 24px 19px 186px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Courtesy: CNN</span></div> <div> <br /></div> </div> </div>

Brazilian presidential candidate among those killed in plane crash

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Crash of Iranian built plane leaves 39 dead

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="clearfix nocontent" id="topicsWrapper"> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn" itemprop="author">ASSOCIATED PRESS</span> • </span><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">|</span><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"> </span><span class="updated dtstamp" itemprop="datePublished">AUGUST 10, 2014 | 12:33 PM</span><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"> </span></div> <section class="content masthead-shadow" style="background-image: url(http://content.washingtonexaminer.biz.s3.amazonaws.com/images/redesign/horz_fade_masthead.png); background-position: 50% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-top: 20px;"><div class="container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; position: relative; width: 940px;"> <div class="row" style="margin-left: -20px;"> <div class="span8" style="float: left; margin-left: 20px; min-height: 1px; width: 620px;"> <article class="hnews hentry item article mod" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><header><figure class="lead-photo" style="margin: 0px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><a href="http://washingtonexaminer.com/gallery/feedid/2155938/50/pictures/2738180" style="text-decoration: none;"><img alt="Photo - Iranian Revolutionary Guards prevent the media from approaching the wreckage of a passenger plane crash near the capital Tehran, Iran, Sunday, Aug. 10, 2014. An Iranian passenger plane crashed Sunday while taking off from an airport near the capital, Tehran, killing tens of people onboard, state media reported. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)" itemprop="image" rel="image_src" src="http://cdn.washingtonexaminer.biz/cache/r620-7e55101edeacbca4bbec0c725094fb09.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" title="Iranian Revolutionary Guards prevent the media from approaching the wreckage of a passenger plane crash near the capital Tehran, Iran, Sunday, Aug. 10, 2014. An Iranian passenger plane crashed Sunday while taking off from an airport near the capital, Tehran, killing tens of people onboard, state media reported. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)" /></a></span></span><figcaption style="padding: 10px;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Iranian Revolutionary Guards prevent the media from approaching the wreckage of a passenger plane crash near the capital Tehran, Iran, Sunday, Aug. 10, 2014. An Iranian passenger plane crashed Sunday while taking off from an airport near the capital, Tehran, killing tens of people onboard, state media reported. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)</span></figcaption></figure><div class="article-tags" style="background-image: url(http://content.washingtonexaminer.biz.s3.amazonaws.com/images/redesign/hr_dot.png), url(http://content.washingtonexaminer.biz.s3.amazonaws.com/images/redesign/hr_dot.png); background-position: 0% 0%, 0% 100%; background-repeat: repeat-x, repeat-x; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 5px 0px;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span class="color3" style="display: inline-block; padding: 5px 15px 5px 0px; zoom: 1;">TOPICS:</span> <a href="http://washingtonexaminer.com/section/news" style="display: inline-block; padding: 5px 15px 5px 0px; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;">NEWS</a> <a href="http://washingtonexaminer.com/section/world" style="display: inline-block; padding: 5px 15px 5px 0px; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;">WORLD</a> <a href="http://washingtonexaminer.com/section/iran" style="display: inline-block; padding: 5px 15px 5px 0px; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;">IRAN</a> <a href="http://washingtonexaminer.com/section/air-travel" style="display: inline-block; padding: 5px 15px 5px 0px; text-decoration: none; zoom: 1;">AIR TRAVEL</a></span></div> </header><div class="main entry-content clearfix"> <aside class="pull-left rel-photos" style="background-image: url(http://content.washingtonexaminer.biz.s3.amazonaws.com/images/redesign/vert_fade_top.png), url(http://content.washingtonexaminer.biz.s3.amazonaws.com/images/redesign/vert_fade_bottom.png), url(http://content.washingtonexaminer.biz.s3.amazonaws.com/images/redesign/vert_fade_mid.png); background-position: 100% 0%, 100% 100%, 100% 0%; background-repeat: repeat-x, repeat-x, repeat-y; float: left; margin-right: 30px; padding-right: 30px; width: 110px;"><figure class="margin-bottom-lrg" style="margin-bottom: 20px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://washingtonexaminer.com/gallery/feedid/2155938/50/pictures/2738180" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="Photo - Iranian Revolutionary Guards prevent the media from approaching the wreckage of a passenger plane crash near the capital Tehran, Iran, Sunday, Aug. 10, 2014. An Iranian passenger plane crashed Sunday while taking off from an airport near the capital, Tehran, killing tens of people onboard, state media reported. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)" itemprop="image" src="http://cdn.washingtonexaminer.biz/cache/110x75-7e55101edeacbca4bbec0c725094fb09.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" title="Iranian Revolutionary Guards prevent the media from approaching the wreckage of a passenger plane crash near the capital Tehran, Iran, Sunday, Aug. 10, 2014. An Iranian passenger plane crashed Sunday while taking off from an airport near the capital, Tehran, killing tens of people onboard, state media reported. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)" /></span></a><figcaption class="margin-top-sm" style="margin-top: 5px !important;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Iranian Revolutionary Guards prevent the media from approaching the wreckage of a passenger plane...</span></figcaption></figure><figure class="margin-bottom-lrg" style="margin-bottom: 20px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://washingtonexaminer.com/gallery/feedid/2155938/50/pictures/2738181" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="Photo - Iranian Revolutionary Guards inspect the site of a passenger plane crash near the capital Tehran, Iran, Sunday, Aug. 10, 2014. An Iranian passenger plane crashed Sunday while taking off from an airport near the capital, Tehran, killing tens of people onboard, state media reported. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)" itemprop="image" src="http://cdn.washingtonexaminer.biz/cache/110x75-bc48ebba4c28a4c3c995fd20e5bc6be2.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" title="Iranian Revolutionary Guards inspect the site of a passenger plane crash near the capital Tehran, Iran, Sunday, Aug. 10, 2014. An Iranian passenger plane crashed Sunday while taking off from an airport near the capital, Tehran, killing tens of people onboard, state media reported. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)" /></span></a><figcaption class="margin-top-sm" style="margin-top: 5px !important;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Iranian Revolutionary Guards inspect the site of a passenger plane crash near the capital Tehran,...</span></figcaption></figure><figure class="margin-bottom-lrg" style="margin-bottom: 20px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://washingtonexaminer.com/gallery/feedid/2155938/50/pictures/2738182" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="Photo - Iranian Revolutionary Guards stand alert at the site of the wreckage of a passenger plane crash near the capital Tehran, Iran, Sunday, Aug. 10, 2014. An Iranian passenger plane crashed Sunday while taking off from an airport near the capital, Tehran, killing tens of people onboard, state media reported. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)" itemprop="image" src="http://cdn.washingtonexaminer.biz/cache/110x75-092d312fbc4c896d3ab35f386aa4f1ef.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" title="Iranian Revolutionary Guards stand alert at the site of the wreckage of a passenger plane crash near the capital Tehran, Iran, Sunday, Aug. 10, 2014. An Iranian passenger plane crashed Sunday while taking off from an airport near the capital, Tehran, killing tens of people onboard, state media reported. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)" /></span></a><figcaption class="margin-top-sm" style="margin-top: 5px !important;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Iranian Revolutionary Guards stand alert at the site of the wreckage of a passenger plane crash...</span></figcaption></figure><figure class="margin-bottom-lrg" style="margin-bottom: 20px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="http://washingtonexaminer.com/gallery/feedid/2155938/50/pictures/2738183" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="Photo - Iranian security and rescue personnel inspect the site of a passenger plane crash near the capital Tehran, Iran, Sunday, Aug. 10, 2014. An Iranian passenger plane crashed Sunday while taking off from an airport near the capital, killing tens of people onboard, state media reported. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)" itemprop="image" src="http://cdn.washingtonexaminer.biz/cache/110x75-872e7256cf554a266d1552aaf6ce8ffd.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" title="Iranian security and rescue personnel inspect the site of a passenger plane crash near the capital Tehran, Iran, Sunday, Aug. 10, 2014. An Iranian passenger plane crashed Sunday while taking off from an airport near the capital, killing tens of people onboard, state media reported. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)" /></span></a><figcaption class="margin-top-sm" style="margin-top: 5px !important;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Iranian security and rescue personnel inspect the site of a passenger plane crash near the...</span></figcaption></figure><a class="more margin-bottom-med" href="http://washingtonexaminer.com/gallery/feedid/2155938/50/pictures/2738180" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 10px !important; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;">View 2 More Photos ›</span></a></aside><span itemprop="articleBody" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> TEHRAN, Iran (AP) — A locally built Iranian passenger plane crashed shortly after takeoff in Tehran on Sunday, killing 39 people and reviving questions about the safety of a cash-strapped aviation sector left hobbled by international sanctions.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> President Hassan Rouhani offered his condolences to victims' families and quickly ordered an investigation into the crash. Similar planes operated by Iranian carriers will be grounded until the probe is complete, he directed.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> The plane was based on a relatively obscure Ukrainian design that has been involved in previous Iranian air disasters.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> The Sepahan Air regional airliner, bound for the eastern town of Tabas, went down in a residential area shortly after takeoff at 9:20 a.m. from Tehran's Mehrabad airport.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> State TV said the plane's tail struck the cables of an electricity tower before it hit the ground and burst into flames. The official IRNA news agency said the plane suffered an engine failure. Whatever the ultimate cause, quick thinking by the pilot may have saved some lives.</div> </span><div class="widget bordered-alt inline-newsletter newsletter-widget email-signup" id="newsletter-signup-politics" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 0px 0px 5px inset; border: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 0px 0px 5px inset; clear: left; float: left; margin: 20px 20px 10px 0px; padding: 15px; position: relative; width: 268px;"> <header><h1 class="h4 color5 headline" style="font-weight: 400; margin: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"> <a class="color5" data-rel="newsletter-signup" data-title="Politics Today" data-type="toggle" href="http://washingtonexaminer.com/crash-of-iranian-built-plane-leaves-39-dead/article/feed/2155938#" id="newsletter-toggle" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black; font-size: small;">Sign Up for the Politics Today newsletter!</span></a></h1> </header><footer></footer></div> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span itemprop="articleBody"><div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> "We should be thankful to God that the pilot did all he could to steer the plane away from residential buildings and fortunately did not crash into them. Otherwise, we would have been dealing with a much worse crisis," said Jalal Maleki, spokesman of Tehran's Fire Department.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> Known as an IrAn-140 or Iran-140, the twin-engine turboprop is a version of the Antonov An-140 regional plane and is assembled under license in Iran. It can carry up to 52 passengers.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> A Ukranian-made An-140 crashed near the central Iranian city of Isfahan in 2002, killing 46 mostly Ukranian and Russian experts traveling to witness the maiden flight of the Iranian-built version of the plane.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> A similar Iranian-made version crashed during a training flight in Isfahan in February 2009, killing five onboard, according to a report by state-run Press TV at the time.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> Iranian airlines, including those run by the state, are chronically strapped for cash, rely on aging planes and have a spotty maintenance record.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> While some operate Boeing and Airbus models, spare parts for Western-made planes are often hard to come by — largely because of sanctions aimed at Iran's nuclear program.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> Those difficulties have left Iranian airlines increasingly reliant on planes developed by the Soviet Union and its successor states, though parts for aging Soviet-era planes can also be tough to get.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> At the crash site, members of the elite Revolutionary Guard worked to secure the scene from onlookers while security and rescue personnel combed the wreckage. The plane's mangled but largely intact tail section was torn from the fuselage and came to rest on a nearby road.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> State TV said the bodies of some of the victims were so badly burned that they could not be identified. They will be handed over to relatives after DNA tests are carried out to determine their identities, it said.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> Eyewitness Hassan Molla said he heard a roaring sound as the plane came in low overhead, one wing tilting.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> "There was no smoke or anything. It was absolutely sound and in good condition" before the crash and what appeared to be multiple explosions, he said.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> An official for Sepahan Air told The Associated Press from the central city of Isfahan that the carrier is affiliated with the Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company, also known as HESA. The airline was set up in 2010 and has not had any previous crashes, said the official, who refused to provide his name.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> HESA has ties to Iran's Ministry of Defense and is the company that assembles the IrAn-140.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> Lawmaker Mehrdad Lahouti suggested Sunday that the earlier accident should have been a wake-up call.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> "Lawmakers visited the production site of the plane and expressed concern about its (safety)," IRNA quoted him as saying. "This company should have not been allowed to operate the plane to avoid such a bitter incident."</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> President Hassan Rouhani ordered that airlines stop using this type of plane until a full investigation is carried out.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> Rouhani also expressed condolences to the family of the victims and ordered Health Minister Hassan Ghazizadeh Hashemi to take all the necessary measures to treat and provide adequate care to those injured in the incident, his website, president.ir, reported.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> Mehrabad, located in western Tehran, is the busier of two main airports serving the capital, and primarily handles domestic flights. Most international flights use the newer Imam Khomeini International Airport.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> The country's creaking airline industry has been hit by a series of deadly crashes.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> In March of this year, a small plane belonging to the State Aviation Organization crashed while on a test flight near the tourist resort of Kish Island, killing all four crew members.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> The last major airliner crash in Iran happened in January 2011, when an Iran Air Boeing 727 broke to pieces on impact while trying an emergency landing in a snowstorm in northwestern Iran, killing at least 77 people.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> In July 2009, a Russian-made jetliner crashed in northwest Iran shortly after taking off from the capital, killing all 168 on board. A Russian-made Ilyushin 76 carrying members of the Revolutionary Guard crashed in the mountains of southeastern Iran in February 2003, killing 302 people aboard.</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> ___</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> Schreck reported from Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Associated Press writer Amir Vahdat contributed reporting from Tehran.</div> </span><span id="last"></span></span><div class="vendor-footer"> </div> <div class="share-this-article-text" style="font-style: italic; text-align: center;"> </div> </div> </article></div> </div> </div> </section><br /></div>

Crash of Iranian built plane leaves 39 dead

ASSOCIATED PRESS  •  |   AUGUST 10, 2014 | 12:33 PM   Iranian Revolutionary Guards prevent the media from approaching the wreckage of ...

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American Airlines Flight 191:Worst American Plane Crash

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <table cellspacing="3" class="infobox vcard vevent" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px !important; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; float: none !important; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px !important; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-top: 1em; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline; width: 100% !important;"><tbody style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <tr style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><td colspan="2" style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="image" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aa191_ohare.jpg" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="" data-file-height="300" data-file-width="288" height="208" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/53/Aa191_ohare.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/53/Aa191_ohare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/53/Aa191_ohare.jpg 2x" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; margin: 0px; max-width: 100% !important; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="200" /></span></a><div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.25em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">N110AA in its final moments, rolled over and plummeting towards the ground. The vapor trail on the left wing is from leaking fuel and hydraulic fluid.</span></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><th colspan="2" style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Accident summary</span></th></tr> <tr style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><th scope="row" style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 1em 3px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Date</span></th><td style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">May 25, 1979</span></td></tr> <tr style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><th scope="row" style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 1em 3px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Summary</span></th><td style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Loss of control after engine detachment due to improper maintenance</span></td></tr> <tr style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><th scope="row" style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 1em 3px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Site</span></th><td class="flabel location" style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Plaines,_Illinois" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Des Plaines, Illinois">Des Plaines</a>,<a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="United States">United States</a></span></span></td></tr> <tr style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><th scope="row" style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 1em 3px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Passengers</span></th><td style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">258</span></td></tr> <tr style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><th scope="row" style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 1em 3px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Crew</span></th><td style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">13</span></td></tr> <tr style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><th scope="row" style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 1em 3px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Injuries (non-fatal)</span></th><td style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">5 (ground)</span></td></tr> <tr style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><th scope="row" style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 1em 3px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Fatalities</span></th><td style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">273 (including 2 on the ground)</span></td></tr> <tr style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><th scope="row" style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 1em 3px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Survivors</span></th><td style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">0</span></td></tr> <tr style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><th scope="row" style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 1em 3px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Aircraft type</span></th><td style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10"><span style="color: black;">McDonnell Douglas DC-10</span></a></td></tr> <tr style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><th scope="row" style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 1em 3px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Operator</span></th><td style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="American Airlines"><span style="color: black;">American Airlines</span></a></td></tr> <tr style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><th scope="row" style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 1em 3px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_registration" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Aircraft registration"><span style="color: black;">Registration</span></a></th><td style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">N110AA</span></td></tr> <tr style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><th scope="row" style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 1em 3px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Flight origin</span></th><td style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Hare_International_Airport" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="O'Hare International Airport">O'Hare International Airport</a>,<a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></span></span></td></tr> <tr style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><th scope="row" style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 1em 3px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Destination</span></th><td style="background-image: none; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles International Airport</a>, <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>,<a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="California">California</a></span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><b style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a> Flight 191</b> was a regularly scheduled passenger flight from <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Hare_International_Airport" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="O'Hare International Airport">O'Hare International Airport</a> in<a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> to <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles International Airport</a>. The <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10</a> crashed on May 25, 1979, moments after takeoff from Chicago. All 258 passengers and 13 crew on board were killed, along with two people on the ground. It is the deadliest aviation accident to occur on U.S. soil.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-worst_accident_1-0" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-worst_accident-1" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>note 1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Investigators found that as the jet was beginning its takeoff <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_(aviation)" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Rotation (aviation)">rotation</a>, engine number one on the left (port) wing separated and flipped over the top of the wing. As the engine separated from the aircraft, it severed <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_fluid" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Hydraulic fluid">hydraulic fluid</a>lines and damaged the left wing, resulting in a retraction of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leading_edge_slats" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Leading edge slats">slats</a>. As the jet attempted to climb, the left wing<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stall_(flight)" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Stall (flight)">stalled</a> while the right wing, with its slats still deployed, continued to produce lift. The jetliner subsequently rolled to the left and reached a bank angle of 112 degrees (partially inverted), before crashing in an open field by a trailer park near the end of the runway. The engine separation was attributed to damage to the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_pylon" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Aircraft pylon">pylon</a> rigging structure holding the engine to the wing caused by faulty maintenance procedures at American Airlines.</span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">While maintenance issues and not the actual design of the aircraft were ultimately found responsible for the crash, the accident and subsequent grounding of all DC-10s by the <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> added to an already unfavorable reputation of the DC-10 aircraft in the eyes of the public caused by several other incidents and accidents involving the type. The investigation also revealed other DC-10s with damage caused by the same faulty maintenance procedure. The faulty procedure was banned, and the aircraft type went on to have a long passenger career. It has since found a second career as a cargo airplane.</span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </div> </div> <h2 aria-controls="content_block_0" aria-haspopup="true" class="section_heading icon icon-text icon-15px openSection icon-arrow-up" role="button" style="-webkit-background-size: 15px; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; background-size: 15px; border-bottom-color: rgb(226, 227, 228); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; cursor: pointer; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; min-height: 24px; min-width: 24px; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em 45px 0.5em 24px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;" tabindex="0"> <span class="mw-headline" id="Background" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: small;">Background</span></span></h2> <div aria-expanded="true" aria-pressed="true" class="content_block openSection" id="content_block_0" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 288px;"> <h3 style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span class="mw-headline" id="Aircraft" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: small;">Aircraft</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.6em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div class="thumbinner" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 222px;"> <a class="image" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10-10,_American_Airlines_JP5931060.jpg" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="717" data-file-width="1023" height="154" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10-10%2C_American_Airlines_JP5931060.jpg/440px-McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10-10%2C_American_Airlines_JP5931060.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10-10%2C_American_Airlines_JP5931060.jpg/330px-McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10-10%2C_American_Airlines_JP5931060.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10-10%2C_American_Airlines_JP5931060.jpg/440px-McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10-10%2C_American_Airlines_JP5931060.jpg 2x" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; margin: 0px; max-width: 100% !important; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></span></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both !important; float: none !important; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">N110AA, the aircraft involved in the accident, photographed in 1974 at Chicago O'Hare Int'l Airport</span></div> </div> </div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">The aircraft involved was a <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10</a> registered <i style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">N110AA</i>. It had been delivered on February 25, 1972, and at the time of the crash had logged just under 20,000 hours of flight over seven years. The jet was powered by three <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric_CF6" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="General Electric CF6">CF6-6D</a>engines. A review of the aircraft's flight logs and maintenance records showed that no mechanical discrepancies were noted for May 11, 1979. On the day of the accident, the records had not been removed from the aircraft, as was standard procedure, and they were destroyed in the accident.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-0" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit;">1</span><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></div> <div> <br /></div> </div> <span style="font-size: large;">Flight Crew</span><br /> <div aria-expanded="true" aria-pressed="true" class="content_block openSection" id="content_block_0" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 288px;"> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">Captain Walter Lux, 53, had been flying the DC-10 since its introduction eight years earlier. He had logged around 22,000 flying hours, of which about 3,000 were in a DC-10. He was also qualified to pilot 17 other aircraft, including the <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Douglas DC-6">DC-6</a>, <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-7" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Douglas DC-7">DC-7</a>, and <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_727" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-1" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> First Officer James Dillard, 49, and Flight Engineer Alfred Udovich, 56, were also highly experienced: 9,275 hours and 15,000 hours respectively, and between them they had 1,830 hours flying experience in the DC-10.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-3" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>2<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AirDisaster_4-0" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-AirDisaster-4" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>3<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> </div> <h2 aria-controls="content_block_1" aria-haspopup="true" class="section_heading icon icon-text icon-15px openSection icon-arrow-up" role="button" style="-webkit-background-size: 15px; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; background-size: 15px; border-bottom-color: rgb(226, 227, 228); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; cursor: pointer; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; min-height: 24px; min-width: 24px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em 45px 0.5em 24px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;" tabindex="0"> <span class="mw-headline" id="Accident" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">Accident</span></span></h2> <div aria-expanded="true" aria-pressed="true" class="content_block openSection" id="content_block_1" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 288px;"> <div class="thumb tright" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0.6em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div class="thumbinner" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 302px;"> <a class="image" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AA191-crash-site.png" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="289" data-file-width="390" height="222" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/AA191-crash-site.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/AA191-crash-site.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/AA191-crash-site.png 2x" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; margin: 0px; max-width: 100% !important; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /></span></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both !important; float: none !important; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">Crash site of American Airlines Flight 191</span></span></div> </div> </div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">The weather was clear, with a northeast wind at 22 knots (41 km/h). At 2:50 CDT, Flight 191 <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushback" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Pushback">pushed back</a> from <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gate_(airport)" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Gate (airport)">gate</a>K5 and was cleared to <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxiing" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Taxiing">taxi</a> to runway 32R/14L. Maintenance crews present at the gate did not notice anything unusual during pushback, engine start, or taxi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">Everything looked normal as the flight began its <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeoff" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Takeoff">takeoff</a> roll at 3:02.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AirDisasterSpecial_5-0" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-AirDisasterSpecial-5" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>4<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">Just as the aircraft hit <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_speeds" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="V speeds">takeoff speed</a>, the number one engine and its <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_pylon" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Aircraft pylon">pylon</a>assembly separated from the left wing, ripping away a 3-foot (0.91 m) section of the <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leading_edge" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Leading edge">leading edge</a> with it. The combined unit flipped over the top of the wing and landed on the runway.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-3" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup>Robert Graham, supervisor of maintenance for American Airlines, stated, "As the aircraft got closer, I noticed what appeared to be vapor or smoke of some type coming from the leading edge of the wing and the No. 1 engine pylon. I noticed that the engine was bouncing up and down quite a bit and just about the time the aircraft got opposite my position and started rotation, the engine came off, went up over the top of the wing, and rolled back down onto the runway. Before going over the wing, it went forward and up just as if it had lift and was actually climbing. It didn't strike the wing on its way down, rather the engine followed the clear path of the airflow of the wing, up and over the top of it, and then down below the tail. The aircraft continued a fairly normal climb until it started a turn to the left. And at that point, I thought they were going to come back to the airport."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-6" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>5<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">It is not known what was said in the cockpit in the 50 seconds leading up to final impact, as the cockpit voice recorder lost power when the engine detached. The only crash-related audio collected by the recorder is a thumping noise (likely the sound of the engine separating) followed by First Officer Dillard exclaiming "Damn!", at which point the recording ends. This may also explain why Air Traffic Control was unsuccessful in their attempts to radio the crew and inform them that they had lost an engine. This loss of power did, however, prove useful in the subsequent investigation, serving as a marker of exactly what circuit in the DC-10's labyrinthine electrical system had failed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-4" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">In addition to the engine's failure, several related systems failed. The number one hydraulic system, powered by the number one engine, failed but continued to operate via motor pumps that mechanically connected it to hydraulic system three. Hydraulic system three was also damaged and began leaking fluid, but maintained pressure and operation up until impact. Hydraulic system two was undamaged. The number one electrical bus, whose generator was attached to the number one engine, failed causing several electrical systems to go offline, most notably the captain's instruments, his<a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stick_shaker" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Stick shaker">stick shaker</a>, and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leading_edge_slats" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Leading edge slats">slat</a> disagreement sensors. While a switch in the overhead panel would have allowed the captain to restore power to his instruments, it was not used. It might have been possible for the flight engineer to reach the backup power switch (as part of an abnormal situation checklist – not as part of their take-off emergency procedure), in an effort to restore electrical power to the number one electrical bus. That would have worked only if electrical faults were no longer present in the number one electrical system. Furthermore, to reach the switch the flight engineer would have needed to rotate his seat, release his safety belt, and stand up. Since the aircraft never got higher than 350 feet (110 m) above ground, and was in the air for only 50 seconds between when the engine separated and when it crashed, there was not sufficient time to take such an action. In any event, the first officer was flying the airplane and his instruments continued to function normally.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-5" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> As the wings and engines were not visible from the cockpit, the crew likely had no idea that an engine had fallen off, only that one had failed.</span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">Since it was no longer possible to abort the takeoff at this point, they followed standard operating procedure for an "engine out" situation, which meant throttling down the two remaining units. In addition, the power failure meant that, while the "engine out" light in the cockpit still worked, the stall warning did not, or the slat retraction indicator. Had the crew known about the slats on the left wing retracting, they likely would not have throttled down Engines 2 and 3. In the event, the loss of power in the cockpit left them without proper information to handle the situation they were in and in all likelihood, the aircraft was doomed to crash from the moment the engine separated.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-7" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>6<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> Recovery of the cockpit instrument panels from the wreckage did not provide any useful information.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-6" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">Witnesses observed the aircraft continue to climb to about 300 feet (91 m) (estimates varied between witnesses) above ground level while spewing a white vapor trail of fuel and hydraulic fluid from the left wing. In addition, the degree of control that was maintained over the aircraft is unclear. Some observers thought that the crew had successfully steered the aircaft away from a trailer park near the impact point, while others claimed that all control was completely lost and they saw the aircraft bobbing up and down.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-7" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> The first officer raised the nose to 14 degrees to reduce the airspeed from 165 knots (306 km/h) to 153 knots (283 km/h), the speed specified in the emergency procedure for engine failure during takeoff. However, the engine separation had severed the hydraulic fluid lines that controlled the leading edge slats on the left wing, causing the outboard slats (towards the tip of the wing) to retract under air load. The retraction of the slats raised the stall speed of the left wing to approximately 159 knots (294 km/h), 6 knots (11 km/h) higher than the prescribed emergency speed. As a result, the left wing entered a full <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stall_(flight)" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Stall (flight)">aerodynamic stall</a>. The resulting asymmetric lift caused the aircraft to roll rapidly to the left and enter a steep dive from which it could not recover despite maximum opposite control inputs by the first officer. The aircraft continued rolling until it was partially inverted at a 112 degree bank angle, right-wing over left wing. It then slammed into a field approximately 4,600 ft (1,400 m) from the end of the runway.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-8" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> Large sections of aircraft debris were hurled by the force of the impact into an adjacent trailer park, destroying five trailers and several cars. The DC-10 had also crashed into an old aircraft hangar located at the edge of the airport at the former site of Ravenswood Airport, which was used for storage.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Air_Disaster.2C_Vol._2_8-0" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-Air_Disaster.2C_Vol._2-8" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>7<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> The nearly full fuel load ignited in a huge fireball almost immediately. The aircraft was almost completely destroyed, with no significant pieces of the fuselage remaining. The only sizable components left were the landing gear, the two engines that were still attached to the aircraft at impact, the engine that separated from the aircraft, and the tail section.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-9" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">A fireman assisting at the scene of the crash later stated, "We didn't see one body intact, just trunks, hands, arms, heads, and parts of legs. And we can't tell whether they were male or female, or whether they were adult or child, because they were all charred."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Air_Disaster.2C_Vol._2_8-1" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-Air_Disaster.2C_Vol._2-8" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>7<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup>Another first responder on the scene stated, "It was too hot to touch anybody and I really couldn't tell if they were men or women. Bodies were scattered all over the field."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Air_Disaster.2C_Vol._2_8-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-Air_Disaster.2C_Vol._2-8" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>7<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">In addition to the 271 people on board the aircraft, two employees at a nearby repair garage were killed and two more severely burned. At 273 victims, this was the deadliest accident in US aviation history.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-worst_accident_1-1" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-worst_accident-1" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>note 1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-9" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>8<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> Of the victims, only about a dozen bodies were found intact.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Air_Disaster.2C_Vol._2_8-3" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-Air_Disaster.2C_Vol._2-8" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>7<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> Three additional residents were injured from falling aircraft debris. The crash scene was in a field northwest of the intersection of Touhy Avenue (Illinois Route 72) and Mount Prospect Road on the border of the suburbs of Des Plaines and Mount Prospect, Illinois.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-10" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> </div> <h2 aria-controls="content_block_2" aria-haspopup="true" class="section_heading icon icon-text icon-15px openSection icon-arrow-up" role="button" style="-webkit-background-size: 15px; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; background-size: 15px; border-bottom-color: rgb(226, 227, 228); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; cursor: pointer; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; min-height: 24px; min-width: 24px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em 45px 0.5em 24px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;" tabindex="0"> <span class="mw-headline" id="Investigation" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">Investigation</span></span></h2> <div aria-expanded="true" aria-pressed="true" class="content_block openSection" id="content_block_2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 288px;"> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">The <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="National Transportation Safety Board">National Transportation Safety Board</a> was responsible for investigating the crash and determining what caused the engine to separate from the aircraft and the reason why the aircraft was unable to remain airborne on its two remaining engines.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-11" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">The loss of the engine by itself should not have been enough to cause the crash;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-0" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ReferenceA-10" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>9<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> The aircraft should have been capable of returning to the airport using its remaining two engines.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-12" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> Unlike other aircraft designs, however, the DC-10 did not include a separate mechanism to lock the extended leading edge slats in place, relying instead solely on the hydraulic pressure within the system.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-13" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> In response to the accident, slat relief valves were mandated to prevent slat retraction in case of hydraulic line damage.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AD80-03-03_11-0" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-AD80-03-03-11" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>10<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">The wreckage was too severely fragmented to determine the exact position of the rudders, elevators, flaps, and slats prior to impact and examination of eyewitness photographs showed only that the right wing flaps were fully extended as the crew tried unsuccessfully to correct the steep roll they were in. The left wing flaps could not be determined from the blurry color photographs, so they were sent to a laboratory in <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</a> for digital analysis, a process that was pushing the limits of 1970s technology and necessitated large, complicated, and expensive equipment. The photographs were reduced to black-and-white, which made it possible to distinguish the flaps from the wing itself and thus proved that they were retracted. In addition, it was also verified that the tail section of the aircraft was undamaged and the landing gear was down.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-12" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>11<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">Wind tunnel and flight simulator tests were conducted to help to understand the trajectory of the aircraft after the engine detached and the left wing slats retracted. Those tests established that the damage to the wing's leading edge and retraction of the slats increased the stall speed of the left wing from 124<a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knot_(unit)" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> to 159 knots.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-14" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">The DC-10 incorporates two warning devices which might have alerted the pilots to the impending stall: the slat disagreement warning light, which should have illuminated after the uncommanded retraction of the slats, and the <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stick_shaker" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Stick shaker">stick shaker</a> on the captain's control column, which activates close to the stall speed. Both of these warning devices were powered by an electric generator driven by the number one engine. Both systems became inoperative after the loss of that engine.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-15" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> The first officer's control column was not equipped with a stick shaker; the device was offered by McDonnell Douglas as an option for the first officer, but American Airlines chose not to have it installed on its DC-10 fleet. Stick shakers for both pilots became mandatory in response to this accident.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ad80-03-10_13-0" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ad80-03-10-13" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>12<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <h3 style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span class="mw-headline" id="Engine_separation" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">Engine separation</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0.6em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div class="thumbinner" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 362px;"> <a class="image" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DC-10_engine-pylon.svg" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="378" data-file-width="783" height="174" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/DC-10_engine-pylon.svg/720px-DC-10_engine-pylon.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/DC-10_engine-pylon.svg/540px-DC-10_engine-pylon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/DC-10_engine-pylon.svg/720px-DC-10_engine-pylon.svg.png 2x" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; margin: 0px; max-width: 100% !important; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="360" /></span></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both !important; float: none !important; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">An <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAA" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="FAA">FAA</a> diagram of the DC-10 engine and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_pylon" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Aircraft pylon">pylon</a>assembly indicating the failed aft pylon attach fitting</span></span></div> </div> </div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">Witnesses were in universal agreement that the aircraft had not struck any foreign objects on the runway and no pieces of the wing or other aircraft components were found with the engine, proving that nothing had broken off and hit it. The engine separation thus could only have come from an internal failure.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-14" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>13<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> From an examination of the detached engine the NTSB concluded that the pylon attachment had separated as the result of damage incurred before the crash.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-16" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup>Investigators looked at the aircraft's maintenance history and found that its most recent service was eight weeks before the crash, during which this particular engine had been removed from the aircraft for repairs. The pylon, the rigging holding the engine onto the wing, had been damaged during the procedure. The procedure recommended by McDonnell-Douglas called for the engine to be removed from the pylon before detaching the pylon itself, but American Airlines, along with <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Airlines" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Continental Airlines">Continental Airlines</a> and <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a>, had begun to use a procedure that saved approximately 200 man-hours per aircraft and "more importantly from a safety standpoint, it would reduce the number of disconnects (of systems such as hydraulic and fuel lines, electrical cables, and wiring) from 72 to 27."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-17" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> The new procedure involved mechanics removing the engine and pylon as a single unit. A large <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forklift" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Forklift">forklift</a> was used to support the engine while it was being detached from the wing – a procedure that was found to be extremely difficult to execute successfully, due to difficulties with holding the engine assembly straight while it was being removed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-18" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">The field service representative from McDonnell-Douglas said the company would "not encourage this procedure due to the element of risk" and had so advised American Airlines. McDonnell-Douglas, however, "does not have the authority to either approve or disapprove the maintenance procedures of its customers."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-19" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">The accident investigation also concluded that the design of the pylon and adjacent surfaces made the parts difficult to service and prone to damage by <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundcrew" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Groundcrew">maintenance crews</a>. There were two different approaches to the one-step procedure: using an overhead hoist or using a forklift. United Airlines used the hoist; American and Continental Airlines used the forklift. Inspection of the DC-10 fleets of the three airlines showed that while United Airlines' hoist approach seemed to work, there were multiple DC-10s at both Continental and American with severe and potentially fatal damage to their pylon mounts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-20" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">The forklift method had some setbacks: If the forklift was incorrectly positioned, as with the procedure used by American, the engine would rock like a see-saw and jam against the pylon attachment points. The forklift operator was guided only by hand and voice signals; the positioning had to be perfect or damage could result. The maintenance work on N110AA did not go smoothly. Aircraft mechanics started to disconnect the engine and pylon, but there was a shift change halfway through. When work was resumed, the pylon was jammed on the wing and the forklift had to be repositioned.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-21" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">After the crash, an examination of the pylon attachment points on the engine revealed damage to the wing's pylon mounting bracket that matched the shape of the pylon's rear attachment fitting. This meant that the pylon attachment fitting had struck the mounting bracket. This was important evidence because the only way the pylon fitting could strike the wing's mounting bracket in the observed manner was if the bolts that held the pylon to the wing were removed and if the engine was being supported by something other than the aircraft. Hence investigators were able to determine that the observed damage to the rear pylon mount existed before the crash, rather than being caused by it.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-22" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">The damage was not enough to cause an immediate failure. However, a fatigue crack developed and expanded slightly with each takeoff and landing over eight weeks, until Flight 191, when the damaged rear pylon mount reached the breaking point and failed. Without this fitting in place, the engine, at full takeoff thrust, rotated upward on its still-attached forward pylon mount. The structure surrounding the forward pylon mount then overloaded and failed, and the engine broke off.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-23" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> </div> <h2 aria-controls="content_block_3" aria-haspopup="true" class="section_heading icon icon-text icon-15px icon-arrow-down" role="button" style="-webkit-background-size: 15px; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; background-size: 15px; border-bottom-color: rgb(226, 227, 228); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; cursor: pointer; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; min-height: 24px; min-width: 24px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 24px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;" tabindex="0"> <span class="mw-headline" id="Media_reaction" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">Media reaction</span></span></h2> <h2 aria-controls="content_block_4" aria-haspopup="true" class="section_heading icon icon-text icon-15px openSection icon-arrow-up" role="button" style="-webkit-background-size: 15px; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; background-size: 15px; border-bottom-color: rgb(226, 227, 228); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; cursor: pointer; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; min-height: 24px; min-width: 24px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em 45px 0.5em 24px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;" tabindex="0"> <span class="mw-headline" id="Cause" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">Cause</span></span></h2> <div aria-expanded="true" aria-pressed="true" class="content_block openSection" id="content_block_4" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 288px;"> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">The findings of the investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board were released on December 21, 1979:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-24" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <blockquote style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 1em 25px 1em 30px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the asymmetrical stall and the ensuing roll of the aircraft because of the uncommanded retraction of the left wing outboard leading edge slats and the loss of stall warning and slat disagreement indication systems resulting from maintenance-induced damage leading to the separation of the No. 1 engine and pylon assembly at a critical point during takeoff. The separation resulted from damage by improper maintenance procedures which led to failure of the pylon structure.</span></span></div> </blockquote> <blockquote style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 1em 25px 1em 30px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">Contributing to the cause of the accident were the vulnerability of the design of the pylon attach points to maintenance damage; the vulnerability of the design of the leading edge slat system to the damage which produced asymmetry; deficiencies in Federal Aviation Administration surveillance and reporting systems which failed to detect and prevent the use of improper maintenance procedures; deficiencies in the practices and communications among the operators, the manufacturer, and the FAA which failed to determine and disseminate the particulars regarding previous maintenance damage incidents; and the intolerance of prescribed operational procedures to this unique emergency.</span></span></div> </blockquote> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">The NTSB determined that the damage to the left wing engine pylon had occurred during an earlier engine change at the American Airlines aircraft maintenance facility in <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a>, on March 29 and 30, 1979.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-25" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> </div> <h2 aria-controls="content_block_5" aria-haspopup="true" class="section_heading icon icon-text icon-15px openSection icon-arrow-up" role="button" style="-webkit-background-size: 15px; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; background-size: 15px; border-bottom-color: rgb(226, 227, 228); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; cursor: pointer; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; min-height: 24px; min-width: 24px; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em 45px 0.5em 24px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;" tabindex="0"> <span class="mw-headline" id="DC-10s_afterward" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;">DC-10s afterward</span></span></h2> <div aria-expanded="true" aria-pressed="true" class="content_block openSection" id="content_block_5" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 288px;"> <div class="thumb tleft" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0.6em 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div class="thumbinner" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 222px;"> <a class="image" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AA191-responders.png" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-size: large;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="176" data-file-width="262" height="148" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/AA191-responders.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/AA191-responders.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/AA191-responders.png 2x" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: auto !important; margin: 0px; max-width: 100% !important; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></span></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both !important; float: none !important; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto !important;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">First responders survey the Flight 191 crash site in <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Plaines,_Illinois" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Des Plaines, Illinois">Des Plaines, Illinois</a>.</span></span></div> </div> </div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">In response to this accident, American Airlines was fined $500,000 by the United States government for improper maintenance procedures.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-1" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ReferenceA-10" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>9<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">On June 6, 1979, two weeks after the crash, the <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> suspended the <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_certificate" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Type certificate">type certificate</a> for the DC-10, thereby grounding all DC-10s under its jurisdiction. It also enacted a special air regulation banning the DC-10 from U.S. airspace, which prevented foreign DC-10s not under the jurisdiction of the FAA from flying within the country.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ntsb_2-26" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-ntsb-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>1<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> This was done while the FAA investigated whether or not the airplane's engine mounting and pylon design met relevant requirements. Once the FAA was satisfied that maintenance issues were primarily at fault and not the actual design of the aircraft, the type certificate was restored on July 13 and the special air regulation repealed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Aviation_Safety_19-0" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-Aviation_Safety-19" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>18<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup>However, the type certificate was amended, stating that "...removal of the engine and pylon as a unit will immediately render the aircraft unairworthy."</span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">The crash of another DC-10 at the end of November, <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_New_Zealand_Flight_901" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Air New Zealand Flight 901">Air New Zealand Flight 901</a>, exactly six months after Flight 191, added to the DC-10's negative reputation. The crash of Flight 901, an Antarctic sightseeing flight which <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_Flight_Into_Terrain" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Controlled Flight Into Terrain">hit a mountain</a>, was caused by several human and environmental factors not related to the airworthiness of the DC-10, and the aircraft was later completely exonerated in that accident.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-20" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>19<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup></span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">Ironically, the crash of another DC-10,<a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_232" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="United Airlines Flight 232">United Airlines Flight 232</a>, ten years later restored some of the aircraft's reputation. Despite losing an engine and all flight controls and crash-landing in a huge fireball (which was caught on video by a local news crew), 185 people survived the accident. Experts praised the DC-10's sturdy construction as partly responsible for the high number of survivors.,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DC-10_retirement_18-1" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-DC-10_retirement-18" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>17<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> though the efforts of the crew were primarily responsible.</span></span></div> <div style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-size: large;">Despite initial safety concerns, the DC-10 continued to serve with passenger airlines for over 30 years after the crash of Flight 191.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DC-10_Final_Passenger_Flight_21-0" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-DC-10_Final_Passenger_Flight-21" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>20<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> In the end, it was newer, more fuel-efficient twin-engined airplanes from Boeing and Airbus and not safety concerns that ultimately ended the passenger career of the DC-10.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DC-10_retirement_18-2" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-DC-10_retirement-18" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>17<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup> Many retired passenger DC-10s have since been converted to all-cargo use. DC-10 freighters, along with its derivative, the <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-11" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-11">MD-11</a>, form the backbone of the <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/FedEx_Express" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="FedEx Express">FedEx Express</a> fleet.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-22" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>21<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup>The DC-10s have been upgraded with the <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_cockpit" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Glass cockpit">glass cockpit</a> from the MD-11, thereby turning them into <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD-10" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="MD-10">MD-10s</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_191#cite_note-23" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span>22<span style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></a></sup>American Airlines retired its last DC-10s in 2000 after 29 years of service. In February 2014, <a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biman_Bangladesh_Airlines" style="background-image: none; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Biman Bangladesh Airlines">Biman Bangladesh Airlines</a> operated the final DC-10 passenger flights.</span></span></div> </div> </div>

American Airlines Flight 191:Worst American Plane Crash

N110AA in its final moments, rolled over and plummeting towards the ground. The vapor trail on the left wing is from leaking fuel and ...

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