What you should know about salt and hypertension

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="itemToolbar" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border: none; float: right; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <ul style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"> <li style="background-image: none; border: none; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 0px 8px; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://www.tribune.com.ng/columns/inside/a-healthy-heart/item/11580-what-you-should-know-about-salt-and-hypertension#" id="fontDecrease" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-image: url(http://www.tribune.com.ng/templates/sj_flatnews/images/system/font_decrease.gif); background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; height: 13px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2px; text-decoration: none; width: 13px;"><img alt="decrease font size" src="http://www.tribune.com.ng/components/com_k2/images/system/blank.gif" style="background-image: url(http://www.tribune.com.ng/components/com_k2/images/system/font_decrease.gif); 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border: none; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; height: 25px; left: 0px; outline: none; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; text-decoration: none; top: 0px; width: 125px; z-index: 2;" title="5 stars out of 5"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br /></span></a><a class="five-stars" href="http://www.tribune.com.ng/columns/inside/a-healthy-heart/item/11580-what-you-should-know-about-salt-and-hypertension#" rel="11580" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border: none; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; height: 25px; left: 0px; outline: none; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; text-decoration: none; top: 0px; width: 125px; z-index: 2;" title="5 stars out of 5"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">P</span></a><a class="five-stars" href="http://www.tribune.com.ng/columns/inside/a-healthy-heart/item/11580-what-you-should-know-about-salt-and-hypertension#" rel="11580" style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); border: none; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; height: 25px; left: 0px; outline: none; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; text-decoration: none; top: 0px; width: 125px; z-index: 2;" title="5 stars out of 5"><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">)</span></a></li> </span></ul> <div class="clr" style="border: none; clear: both; float: none; height: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div class="clr" style="border: none; clear: both; float: none; height: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </div> </div> <div class="itemBody" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <div class="itemFullText"> <div id="ebzNative_above"> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <img alt="salt2" src="http://www.tribune.com.ng/images/salt2.jpg" style="border: 0px; float: left; height: auto; margin: 10px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /><span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Sustained raised blood pressure otherwise called hypertension is not a respecter of person or nation. Hypertension is of global health concern affecting the rich, the poor, educated ones and those not privileged to attend school.  </span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Heart failure, myocardial infarction, kidney failure, and stroke result majorly from poorly treated hypertension. Despite the advance in management of hypertension and availability of genuine drug, less than third of the people with hypertension get their blood pressure well controlled, i.e., the level at which complication may not occur. If this is the case, prevention is the best option, which is cheaper and affordable by all and sundry. </span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">High salt intake has long been associated with high blood pressure and reasonably, one would expect prevention of hypertension, if we all cut down on  the consumption of salt. But with controversy on salt and hypertension, some people are getting confused.  Certain researchers believe that salt is not the cause of hypertension while some say it is an interplay of several factors meaning removing other factors, consumption of salt irrespective of type or quantity is not associated with raised blood pressure. In this column, I would want our esteemed readers to make an informed choice as examine the effect of salt in the body especially cardiovascular system.</span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <strong style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">What is salt?</strong></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Salt and sodium are interchangeably used depending on which part of the world you are.  Most countries like Nigeria use “salt” while in USA and Canada, the term “sodium” is used. However, on a weight basis,salt comprises 40 per cent sodium and 60 per cent chloride.The conversion of different units for sodium and salt is as follows: 1 g of sodium = 2.5 g of salt, 1 mmol of sodium = 23 mg of sodium, 1 g of salt = 0.4 g of sodium, and 1 g of salt = 17 mmol of sodium. Salt is the major source of sodium in the diet (≈ 90 per cent).  </span></div> <center style="height: 0px; margin: auto; overflow: hidden; width: auto;"> <div style="padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: left;"> </div> <div id="ebzNative"> </div> </center> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <strong style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Types of salt</strong></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Not all salts are created equal. Natural salt contains 84 percent sodium chloride, and 16 percent naturally-occurring trace minerals, including silicon, phosphorous and vanadium. Processed (table) salt, on the other hand, contains 97.5 per cent sodium chloride and the rest is man-made chemicals, such as moisture absorbents and flow agents. These are dangerous chemicals like ferrocyanide and aluminosilicate. A small amount of iodine or vitamin A may also be added.</span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Based on this fact, some researchers found that probably it is the excess consumption of processed salt that causes hypertension not the natural salt. From all angles, it will be wrong for any health educator to “sentence” an individual to “no – salt diet”. There are functions of salt in the body.</span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <strong style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Functions of salt</strong></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">As earlier stated, salt provides two elements – sodium and chloride – that are essential for life. Your body cannot make these elements on its own, so you must get them from your diet. Some of the many biological processes for which natural salt is crucial include: </span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Salt a major component of your blood plasma (fluid), lymphatic fluid, extracellular fluid, and even amniotic fluid (which is the fluid in the womb when you are pregnant). It carries nutrients into and out of your body cells, and helps maintain your acid-base balance (not allowing acid to be too much in the body). Salt helps to increase the glial cells in your brain, which are responsible for creative thinking and long-term planning.  Maintain and regulate blood pressure so that it will not be too low. Salt helps your brain to communicate with your muscles, so that you can move on demand via sodium-potassium in exchange.  Lastly it supports the function of your adrenal glands, which produce dozens of vital hormones. </span></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Our readers, it is not my intention to make this discussion technical or difficult but the aim is for us to have basic understanding and make informed decision when it comes to effect of salt on blood pressure. I will stop here and continue next week. Till then, maintain a healthy heart.</span></div> </div> </div> </div>

What you should know about salt and hypertension

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Man spends 23years in prison for allegedly failing to bribe policeman

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <div class="post-footer" style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175, 192, 227, 0.235294); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.6; margin: 1.5em 0px 0px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"> </div> <br /> <div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-3192069383557583148" itemprop="description articleBody" style="-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175, 192, 227, 0.235294); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.301961); -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 18px; orphans: auto; position: relative; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; width: 616px; word-spacing: 0px;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4eMUportiWYEW2O32ddp4oerGo-u-k6IAE8iVrqZOvDMYu5c1dpgv1Ofa_X6KbXHmPLukg42sHH_3cjViv39fXyWRnxbyrCE-_08bWqb7RjuMvZAn49muJ8X57fx6hLe0aepNML2o76E/s1600/Calistus-Ike.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #990000; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4eMUportiWYEW2O32ddp4oerGo-u-k6IAE8iVrqZOvDMYu5c1dpgv1Ofa_X6KbXHmPLukg42sHH_3cjViv39fXyWRnxbyrCE-_08bWqb7RjuMvZAn49muJ8X57fx6hLe0aepNML2o76E/s1600/Calistus-Ike.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 0, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="385" /></a></div> <br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">A shaft of pain knifed through his facial contours as he recounted the grisly experiences he had in prison for more than 23 years.</span></span></div> </blockquote> <div> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Prior to 1989, Calistus Ike had dreamt of becoming a very successful business man.</span></span></blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Little did he know that he was going to spend seven years as an awaiting trial inmate and another 16 years on the death row.</span></span></blockquote> </div> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="147734cce5c02d4d_more" style="color: #990000; text-decoration: none;"></a>As the first son and bread winner of his family at that time, Ike, had all his dreams quashed after he was sentenced to death following his refusal to pay N200 bribe to the policeman that investigated an allegation against him.<a href="" name="more"></a></span></span></blockquote> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Luck however shone on him when through the intervention of a France- based human right group, Avocats Sans Frontieres, ASFF, also known as ‘Lawyers Without Borders France’, the Edo state government, pardoned him and approved his release from prison in 2012.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Reliving the harrowing times he had in jail and circumstances that led to his conviction with <span class="aBn" data-term="goog_775574545" tabindex="0"><span class="aQJ">Saturday</span></span>Vanguard, this disconsolate erstwhile death row inmate, insisted that he was innocent of the allegation that left him at the mercy of the hang-man, even as he called for a total overhaul of the criminal justice system in Nigeria.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Describing himself as a “lucky-survivor”, Ike, who is now in his early fifties, stressed that so many innocent Nigerians are currently languishing in various prison facilities across the federation.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">“The unfortunate thing is that some of the people I left in prison did not even have a case-file. Some of them had stayed as ‘awaiting-trial’ inmates for more than 10 years”, he lamented.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Narrating the story of his life, Ike said: “It happened to me in the year 1989. I was resident in Benin, the Edo state capital. There was a man that lived in the same compound with me. His wife had stomach problem and he asked me to lead him to somewhere to collect a root (herbal medicine) for his wife.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">We went there about <span class="aBn" data-term="goog_775574546" tabindex="0"><span class="aQJ">5pm</span></span>. After escorting him to the place where he collected the medicine, I returned to my house.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The next day, I went to do my business. I did not know that the same man had engaged police to look for me and the other man that gave him the root, a man I didn’t even know. When I heard that police came to look for me, I inquired about the station they came from and went there myself. ”I reported myself and asked why they came to look for me.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">They told me that there was an allegation that I conspired with the man we collected medicine from his house and broke into my neighbour’s house- who was the same man I accompanied to get the roots for his wife- and stole his properties.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">I never knew that they had equally arrested the man that gave us the root.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Thereafter, the policeman handling the case insisted that I must write a confessional statement otherwise he would deal with me. I refused to write anything. I told him that I would only narrate the exact thing that happened''.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">”It was at that juncture that he started beating me with ‘Koboko’. He flogged me mercilessly that day. I was tortured until the D.P.O in charge of the station asked him to stop and just take my statement.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">After I gave them my statement, the same policeman that flogged me, came back and said that he could not find any evidence to pin the alleged crime on me. He said that he had concluded all the investigations and found nothing against me.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">”However, he said I should give him N200 so that he would drop the case and allow me to go home. Remember, we are talking about 1989. As at that time, that amount was big money to me.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">So, I told him I had no such money to give out. I stood my ground that I was innocent of the charge and even asked them to take me to court if indeed they thought that I had a case to answer.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Within two days, the policeman took the matter to court. We went to court, at the Magistrate court, the policeman freed the other man I was accused with and pinned the whole charge on me.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">”From the Magistrate court, he took me to the Military Tribunal where the case changed overnight.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">From the original allegation of ‘burglary and theft’, I was charged with armed robbery.Whereas the Policeman and that my compound man whose properties were allegedly stolen, as well as his wife, testified before Tribunal, I had no one to testify for me. I was left with only God and no one else.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">”After a long run of the trial, I was convicted and sentenced to death for a crime I never committed or even imagined. I never for once had such dream for my life, but I was condemned to death.Nonetheless, my faith in God never wavered, I kept asking him to vindicate me. I was in death sentence cell in Edo state for over 14 years. After then, I was transferred to Enugu prison.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">”One day, I was there, inside the prison with other inmates when information got to me that there were some people from France that were helping inmates in Benin prison. I quickly called my brother and asked him to take my plight to those people, maybe they could help me to regain my freedom.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">”By the special grace of God, within three months, I was let loose from the grip of the wicked of this world and I thank God for it. What I however want Nigerians to know is that there is great level of injustice in our judiciary and because of that, many innocent people have died for crimes they never committed.''</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">”Some of our lawyers are not helping matters. All they are interested in is money. Some cases they know they don’t have the capacity to handle they will just force themselves into them and their clients will be condemned and killed.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Before my very eyes, I witnessed executions that took the lives of over 48 young and energetic men and women . It is a painful thing to experience.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">I was released in 2012. After I was arrested in 1989, I stayed as awaiting trial inmate for seven years, and stayed on death row for 16 years.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">My case did not go up to the Supreme Court. It was tried by the military tribunal so I didn’t even have the opportunity to go on appeal.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">”My experience in the prison was very traumatic. That place is hell on earth! Some of the prison warders are very wicked- even though there are some good ones too. The bad ones are tormentors. They torment inmates at will.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The food inside there is nothing to write home about. Roofs of some of the cells leak badly when it rains.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Getting good medication is rather a luxury too big to imagine, except in critical cases or upon an order of the court.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">In the prison, every inmate is left to his own fate. Inmates are suffering badly even the awaiting trial inmates too.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">”It hurts me when I see them on TV claiming that they are reforming the prisons. I am telling you today that they are doing nothing. Anyone that is so convinced that our prisons are better now should volunteer and spend a weekend inside any of our prisons. The hardship inside there is better imagined than experienced.I saw hell!</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">If the government gets up now and say they are reforming prisons, they are doing nothing! I am saying this because I experienced it for 16 years on the death row”.</span></span></div> <div style="clear: both;"> </div> </div> </div>

Man spends 23years in prison for allegedly failing to bribe policeman

A shaft of pain knifed through his facial contours as he recounted the grisly experiences he had in prison for more than 23 years....

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